![]() ![]() Elf5 can trans-activate the whey acidic protein (Wap) promoter, a component of milk ( Thomas et al. Retroviral re-expression of Elf5 in Prlr knockout mammary glands rescued alveolar morphogenesis in a dose-dependent fashion ( Harris et al. ![]() Elf5 heterozygote mice ( Elf5 +/−) show defective lobuloalveolar development and reduced milk secretion during pregnancy ( Zhou et al. Elf5 is required for placentation, and as a consequence the knockout ( Elf5 −/−) conceptus is nonviable by day 7.5–8.5 of pregnancy ( Donnison et al. Gata3 is essential for ductal and alveolar morphogenesis via regulation of the stem and CD61 + progenitor cell pools ( Kouros-Mehr et al. ![]() 1999) and Gata3 may lie downstream from the prolactin receptor ( Ormandy et al. We showed previously that the transcription factors Elf5 ( Zhou et al. The precise location, arrangement, composition, and regulation of these programs is the subject of intense interest ( Kordon and Smith 1998 Smalley and Ashworth 2003 Shackleton et al. These cues initiate interacting programs of altered gene expression, cell division, and differentiation within the stem and progenitor cell hierarchy. Mammary morphogenesis occurs predominantly after birth and is coordinated with reproductive events by shared hormonal cues ( Neville et al. ![]()
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